New Memory – New Identity: Active Forgetting in the Process of the Formation of New Memory (Georgia in the 1990s and 2000s)
Abstract
The paper discusses the problem of distancing from the past and strategies of forgetting which were used in Georgia in the last years of the USSR and the first years of independence. New future of the country required the “new past”. On the first stage of its construction which started from the end of the 1980s and lasted approximately a decade, active forgetting quite often expressed in the form of the revenge on the past was the main strategy of dealing with the Soviet past. On the next stage, the above-mentioned form was not abandoned, however, the accent in the politics of memory was shifted to the passive forgetting and the construction of new sites of memory.References
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Assman, J. Communicative and Cultural Memory. A Companion to Cultural Memory Studies. Astrid Erll, Ansgar Nunning (Eds.). De Gruyter, p. 109-118.
Assmann, A. 2010. Canon and Archive. A Companion to Cultural Memory Studies. Astrid Erll, Ansgar Nunning (Eds.). De Gruyter, p. 97-107.
Carrier, P. 2000. Monuments and National Memory Cultures in France and Germany since 1989. The 'Vél' d'Hiv'' in Paris and the 'Holocaust Monument' in Berlin. Inaugural-Dissertation. Free University Berlin, 2000. Chapter 1. Contemporary Memory Cultures in Europe: Monumental Forms, Cultural Codes, Analytical Concepts.
Chkheidze, Rostom. Mtatsminda – the Place for Exceptionam Men or the Prestigious Graveyard. “Chveni mtserloba”. Tbilisi, 27 May, 2011, # 11 (141) (in Georgian).
Farewell to Merab Kostava at the Mtatsminda Pantheon of Writers and Public Figures, 21 October 1989. Ed. by Vakhtang Bakhtadze. Tbilisi, 1992 (in Georgian).
Foner, E. 2002. Who Owns History? Rethinking the Past in a Changing World. N.Y., Hill and Wang.
Halbwachs, Maurice. 1992. On Collective Memory. University of Chicago Press.
Jones, Stephen. Georgia: Political History after the Declaration of Independence. Tbilisi, CSS, 2013.
Mchedlidze, Giorgi. History without Distance (Cronicles of Turbulent 1988-1995). Kutaisi, 1999 (in Georgian).
Nora, P. 1989. “Between Memory and History: Les Lieux de Mémoire”. Representations, No. 26, Special Issue: Memory and Counter-Memory. University of California Press. Spring, 1989. http://www.jstor.org
Nora, P. 1992. Introduction to Realms of Memory, Nora, Pierre. Volume III. The Construction of the French Past. Realms of Memory. Volume 3: Symbols. Under the direction of Pierre Nora. English-language edition edited by Lawrence D. Kritzman. Translated by Arthur Coldhammer. Columbia University Press, New York, p. IX-XII.
Sztompka, Piotr. 2004. Cultural Trauma and Collective Identity. University of California Press, p. 155-195.
Нора, П. 2005. Всемирное торжество памяти. Память о войне 60 лет спустя. Россия, Германия, Европа. Москва, 2005.
Electronic Resources:
Bregadze, Levan. A History of a Poem. Retrieved on 22.02.2018 from http://www.nplg.gov.ge/civil/statiebi/statiebi/erti_leqsis_istoria.htm
Chkhikvishvili, Nino. A history of Kolau Nadiradze’s Great Poem. Retrieved on 22.02.2018 from http://artinfo.ge/2016/02/
Computer game “kakutsa Cholokashvili. Retrieved on 17.10.2018 from https://www.myvideo.ge/v/1562777
Khalvashi, Tamta. The periphery of Shame. Human Rights and Monitoring Center. 28.03.2016. Retrieved from emcrightspr (in Georgian).
Newspaper “24 saati”, 2010. Retrieved on 10.02. 2014 from http://24saati.ge/index.php/category/news/2010-04-18/5555.html (in Georgian).
Nikoloz Lekishvili’s interview with the “Tbilisi” newspaper. In: The Lessons of Independence – to the Future through the Comprehension of the Past. Retrieved on 16.10.2018 from https://lessonsgeo.wordpress.com/1990/08/01/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90-%E1%83%97%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90-%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98-%E1%83%97%E1%83%A5%E1%83%95%E1%83%90-%E1%83%9A/ (in Georgian).
Stalin’s Monument will not be Installed at the Territory of the Museum. Retrieved on 23.04.2019 from http://www.interpressnews.ge/ge/regioni/347967-stalinis-dzegli-muzeumis-mimdebare-teritoriaze-ar-daidgmeba.html?ar=A (in Georgian).
Tsuladze, Zaza. 50 monuments of Stalin one should paint until s/he is alive. Retrieved on 23.04.2019 from www.amerikiskhma.com/a/georgia-stalin-vandalism/1600958.html (in Georgian).
Vardosanidze, Vladimer. Metamorphosis of the Soviet Architecture. Retrieved on 26.02.2018 from https://www.scribd.com/document/ (in Russian).
Assman, J. Communicative and Cultural Memory. A Companion to Cultural Memory Studies. Astrid Erll, Ansgar Nunning (Eds.). De Gruyter, p. 109-118.
Assmann, A. 2010. Canon and Archive. A Companion to Cultural Memory Studies. Astrid Erll, Ansgar Nunning (Eds.). De Gruyter, p. 97-107.
Carrier, P. 2000. Monuments and National Memory Cultures in France and Germany since 1989. The 'Vél' d'Hiv'' in Paris and the 'Holocaust Monument' in Berlin. Inaugural-Dissertation. Free University Berlin, 2000. Chapter 1. Contemporary Memory Cultures in Europe: Monumental Forms, Cultural Codes, Analytical Concepts.
Chkheidze, Rostom. Mtatsminda – the Place for Exceptionam Men or the Prestigious Graveyard. “Chveni mtserloba”. Tbilisi, 27 May, 2011, # 11 (141) (in Georgian).
Farewell to Merab Kostava at the Mtatsminda Pantheon of Writers and Public Figures, 21 October 1989. Ed. by Vakhtang Bakhtadze. Tbilisi, 1992 (in Georgian).
Foner, E. 2002. Who Owns History? Rethinking the Past in a Changing World. N.Y., Hill and Wang.
Halbwachs, Maurice. 1992. On Collective Memory. University of Chicago Press.
Jones, Stephen. Georgia: Political History after the Declaration of Independence. Tbilisi, CSS, 2013.
Mchedlidze, Giorgi. History without Distance (Cronicles of Turbulent 1988-1995). Kutaisi, 1999 (in Georgian).
Nora, P. 1989. “Between Memory and History: Les Lieux de Mémoire”. Representations, No. 26, Special Issue: Memory and Counter-Memory. University of California Press. Spring, 1989. http://www.jstor.org
Nora, P. 1992. Introduction to Realms of Memory, Nora, Pierre. Volume III. The Construction of the French Past. Realms of Memory. Volume 3: Symbols. Under the direction of Pierre Nora. English-language edition edited by Lawrence D. Kritzman. Translated by Arthur Coldhammer. Columbia University Press, New York, p. IX-XII.
Sztompka, Piotr. 2004. Cultural Trauma and Collective Identity. University of California Press, p. 155-195.
Нора, П. 2005. Всемирное торжество памяти. Память о войне 60 лет спустя. Россия, Германия, Европа. Москва, 2005.
Electronic Resources:
Bregadze, Levan. A History of a Poem. Retrieved on 22.02.2018 from http://www.nplg.gov.ge/civil/statiebi/statiebi/erti_leqsis_istoria.htm
Chkhikvishvili, Nino. A history of Kolau Nadiradze’s Great Poem. Retrieved on 22.02.2018 from http://artinfo.ge/2016/02/
Computer game “kakutsa Cholokashvili. Retrieved on 17.10.2018 from https://www.myvideo.ge/v/1562777
Khalvashi, Tamta. The periphery of Shame. Human Rights and Monitoring Center. 28.03.2016. Retrieved from emcrightspr (in Georgian).
Newspaper “24 saati”, 2010. Retrieved on 10.02. 2014 from http://24saati.ge/index.php/category/news/2010-04-18/5555.html (in Georgian).
Nikoloz Lekishvili’s interview with the “Tbilisi” newspaper. In: The Lessons of Independence – to the Future through the Comprehension of the Past. Retrieved on 16.10.2018 from https://lessonsgeo.wordpress.com/1990/08/01/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90-%E1%83%97%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90-%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98-%E1%83%97%E1%83%A5%E1%83%95%E1%83%90-%E1%83%9A/ (in Georgian).
Stalin’s Monument will not be Installed at the Territory of the Museum. Retrieved on 23.04.2019 from http://www.interpressnews.ge/ge/regioni/347967-stalinis-dzegli-muzeumis-mimdebare-teritoriaze-ar-daidgmeba.html?ar=A (in Georgian).
Tsuladze, Zaza. 50 monuments of Stalin one should paint until s/he is alive. Retrieved on 23.04.2019 from www.amerikiskhma.com/a/georgia-stalin-vandalism/1600958.html (in Georgian).
Vardosanidze, Vladimer. Metamorphosis of the Soviet Architecture. Retrieved on 26.02.2018 from https://www.scribd.com/document/ (in Russian).
Published
2019-02-12
How to Cite
CHIKOVANI, Nino.
New Memory – New Identity: Active Forgetting in the Process of the Formation of New Memory (Georgia in the 1990s and 2000s).
Eastern Europe Regional Studies, [S.l.], feb. 2019.
ISSN 2587-456X.
Available at: <https://test.psage.tsu.ge/index.php/Easternstudies/article/view/125>. Date accessed: 25 dec. 2024.
Issue
Section
Articles
Keywords
memory construction, active forgetting, sites of memory
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