“Grey Zones” and Problem of New Common Identity in the Black Sea Region
Abstract
Globalization and integration are characterized not only with forming of homogeneous structures and systems or certain orders, but accompanied with fragmentation and localization as well. Spaces, being left out of the synthesis of certain system, create uncertainty and infinite zones, which can be described as “Gray Zones”, where actually collapsed before existed order and the new one had not emerged yet. Moreover, actors (states) of such zones do not belong to the specific Defense, Security or Economic structures and region has huge gap regarding to the common regional identity. In the recent world politics one of such zone can be described as Black Sea Basin and its adjacent area.Article presents problem of common regional identity and geopolitical rivals in the Black Sea region.References
Igor Delanoe (2014), “After the Crimean Crisis: Towards a Greater Russian Maritime Power in the Black Sea.” Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 14, no. 3. doi: 10.1080/14683857.2014.944386. p. 370;
The Military Doctrine of The Russian Federation, Approved by the Presidentof the Russian Federation on December 25, 2014 No. Pr.-2976, Source: https://rusemb.org.uk/press/2029. Accessed time: 12/03/2019. 16:00;
Speech and the Following Discussion at the Munich Conference on Security Policy February 10, 2007 01:3, 8 Munich (transcripted), Source: http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/24034, Accessed time: 18/03/2019. 22:00;
Sergiu Celac (also Editor), Seth Cropsey, Dan Dungaciu, Iulian Fota, Cosmin Ioniţă, (2017), Policy Paper: Why The Black Sea Matters, Hudson Institute Center for American Seapower, New Strategic Center, p. 7;
Peter Roberts, Will the Alliance discover navies again? Sourcce: https://www.nato.int/docu/review/2018/Also-in-2018/will-the-alliance-discover-navies-again-nato-sea-russian/EN/index.htm. Published: 30/04/2018. Accessed time 4.03.2019;
Warsaw Summit Communiqué, Issued by the Heads of State and Government participating in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council in Warsaw 8-9 July 2016, Issued on 09 Jul. 2016 | Last updated: 29 Mar. 2017 10:55, Source: https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_133169.htm. Acceded time: 22/03/2019;
“List of Current Ships of the Russian Navy 2016,” last modified June 8, 2016, http://russianships.info/eng/today/, http://eng.mil.ru/en/structure/forces/navy/associations/structure/forces/type/navy/black_sea/about.htm
Anti-Access/Area Denial (A2/AD) is military jargon to describe the situation when a state deploys weapons systems, often with long-range capabilities, to deny foreign forces freedom of movement in the theatre. Land-based surface-to-air missiles, surface-to-surface ballistic or cruise missiles, and anti-ship missiles are the capabilities most often used for building up A2/AD. Additional elements may be added to the system – for example, advanced aircrafts, surface ships and submarines, and their capabilities for air superiority and for control of the seas. Enhanced communications and surveillance systems and cyber warfare capabilities also contribute to this comprehensive A2/AD network, which will try to disrupt the electromagnetic spectrum and deprive foreign forces of its use (https://www.nato.int/docu/review/2018/Also-in-2018/the-black-sea-region-a-critical-intersection-nato-security/EN/index.htm);
Steven Horrell (October, 2016), A NATO Strategy for Security in the Black Sea Region, Published by Atlantic Council, Brent Scowcroft Center on International Security, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/publications/issue-briefs/a-nato-strategy-for-security-in-the-black-sea-region. Accessed time: 15/03/2019; p. 4;
Russian Admiral Declares Comeback of Russia's Black Sea Fleet By The Moscow Times, July 26, 2015, Source: https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2015/07/26/russian-admiral-declares-comeback-of-russias-black-sea-fleet-a48523. Accessed Time: 15.03.2019;
John R. Haines, If the Atlantic Ocean is the New Black Sea, What’s the Black Sea? Aegis Ashore and the Black Sea Region’s Changing Security Dynamic, Foreign Policy Research Institute, Source: https://www.fpri.org/article/2016/07/atlantic-ocean-new-black-sea-whats-black-sea-aegis-ashore-black-sea-regions-changing-security-dynamic/. Accessed time: 16/03/2019;
Морская Доктрина Российской Федерации 2015, УТВЕРЖД. Президент Российской Федерации В.Путин
от 26 июля 2015 года, Spurce: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/555631869, p. 20-22;
ibid, 22;
Term automatically considers also regime of Mare Clausem
St. Augustin's City of God and Christian Doctrine by Philip Schaff (1890), Published by: Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library p. 104;
Lasha Bazhunaishvili, New Geopolitical Status of Black Sea Basin, Proceedings of International Scientific Conference: “Ukraine and Georgia in the International Relations: History and Contemporary Challenges, Batumi-Kyiv 2018, pp. 227-233;
Boris Toucas, Turkey Has No Allies in the Black Sea, Only Interests, Source: https://www.csis.org/analysis/turkey-has-no-allies-black-sea-only-interests. Accessed time: 15/03/2019;
Remarks by the Vice President and Georgian Prime Minister in a Joint Press Conference, sued on: August 1, 2017, Source: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-vice-president-georgian-prime-minister-joint-press-conference/. Accessed time: 27/03/2019;
US Embassy Acting Officers & Other American Organizations Visit Anaklia Port Construction Work, 17.04.2018 Source: http://anakliadevelopment.com/news, Accessed Time: 30/03/2019;
Commander of NATO's Allied Maritime Command - Anaklia project to promote strengthening of Georgia's security 2019-02-28, Source: http://www.accentnews.ge/en/news/details/68127, Accessed time: 30/03/2019;
Former commander of US Army Europe Hodges: NATO should invite Georgia to membership at its next summit, 12/02/2019, http://agenda.ge/en/news/2019/409. Accessed time: 30/03/2019;
Carpenter - U.S. has strong strategic interest in completing Anaklia port facilit, 2019-01-31, http://www.accentnews.ge/en/news/details/66464. Accessed time: 30/03/2019
Henrik Hololei - We are very keen to see Anaklia project take shape, 2019-01-29 Source: http://www.accentnews.ge/en/news/details/66309. Accessed Time: 30/03/2019
The Military Doctrine of The Russian Federation, Approved by the Presidentof the Russian Federation on December 25, 2014 No. Pr.-2976, Source: https://rusemb.org.uk/press/2029. Accessed time: 12/03/2019. 16:00;
Speech and the Following Discussion at the Munich Conference on Security Policy February 10, 2007 01:3, 8 Munich (transcripted), Source: http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/24034, Accessed time: 18/03/2019. 22:00;
Sergiu Celac (also Editor), Seth Cropsey, Dan Dungaciu, Iulian Fota, Cosmin Ioniţă, (2017), Policy Paper: Why The Black Sea Matters, Hudson Institute Center for American Seapower, New Strategic Center, p. 7;
Peter Roberts, Will the Alliance discover navies again? Sourcce: https://www.nato.int/docu/review/2018/Also-in-2018/will-the-alliance-discover-navies-again-nato-sea-russian/EN/index.htm. Published: 30/04/2018. Accessed time 4.03.2019;
Warsaw Summit Communiqué, Issued by the Heads of State and Government participating in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council in Warsaw 8-9 July 2016, Issued on 09 Jul. 2016 | Last updated: 29 Mar. 2017 10:55, Source: https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_133169.htm. Acceded time: 22/03/2019;
“List of Current Ships of the Russian Navy 2016,” last modified June 8, 2016, http://russianships.info/eng/today/, http://eng.mil.ru/en/structure/forces/navy/associations/structure/forces/type/navy/black_sea/about.htm
Anti-Access/Area Denial (A2/AD) is military jargon to describe the situation when a state deploys weapons systems, often with long-range capabilities, to deny foreign forces freedom of movement in the theatre. Land-based surface-to-air missiles, surface-to-surface ballistic or cruise missiles, and anti-ship missiles are the capabilities most often used for building up A2/AD. Additional elements may be added to the system – for example, advanced aircrafts, surface ships and submarines, and their capabilities for air superiority and for control of the seas. Enhanced communications and surveillance systems and cyber warfare capabilities also contribute to this comprehensive A2/AD network, which will try to disrupt the electromagnetic spectrum and deprive foreign forces of its use (https://www.nato.int/docu/review/2018/Also-in-2018/the-black-sea-region-a-critical-intersection-nato-security/EN/index.htm);
Steven Horrell (October, 2016), A NATO Strategy for Security in the Black Sea Region, Published by Atlantic Council, Brent Scowcroft Center on International Security, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/publications/issue-briefs/a-nato-strategy-for-security-in-the-black-sea-region. Accessed time: 15/03/2019; p. 4;
Russian Admiral Declares Comeback of Russia's Black Sea Fleet By The Moscow Times, July 26, 2015, Source: https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2015/07/26/russian-admiral-declares-comeback-of-russias-black-sea-fleet-a48523. Accessed Time: 15.03.2019;
John R. Haines, If the Atlantic Ocean is the New Black Sea, What’s the Black Sea? Aegis Ashore and the Black Sea Region’s Changing Security Dynamic, Foreign Policy Research Institute, Source: https://www.fpri.org/article/2016/07/atlantic-ocean-new-black-sea-whats-black-sea-aegis-ashore-black-sea-regions-changing-security-dynamic/. Accessed time: 16/03/2019;
Морская Доктрина Российской Федерации 2015, УТВЕРЖД. Президент Российской Федерации В.Путин
от 26 июля 2015 года, Spurce: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/555631869, p. 20-22;
ibid, 22;
Term automatically considers also regime of Mare Clausem
St. Augustin's City of God and Christian Doctrine by Philip Schaff (1890), Published by: Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library p. 104;
Lasha Bazhunaishvili, New Geopolitical Status of Black Sea Basin, Proceedings of International Scientific Conference: “Ukraine and Georgia in the International Relations: History and Contemporary Challenges, Batumi-Kyiv 2018, pp. 227-233;
Boris Toucas, Turkey Has No Allies in the Black Sea, Only Interests, Source: https://www.csis.org/analysis/turkey-has-no-allies-black-sea-only-interests. Accessed time: 15/03/2019;
Remarks by the Vice President and Georgian Prime Minister in a Joint Press Conference, sued on: August 1, 2017, Source: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-vice-president-georgian-prime-minister-joint-press-conference/. Accessed time: 27/03/2019;
US Embassy Acting Officers & Other American Organizations Visit Anaklia Port Construction Work, 17.04.2018 Source: http://anakliadevelopment.com/news, Accessed Time: 30/03/2019;
Commander of NATO's Allied Maritime Command - Anaklia project to promote strengthening of Georgia's security 2019-02-28, Source: http://www.accentnews.ge/en/news/details/68127, Accessed time: 30/03/2019;
Former commander of US Army Europe Hodges: NATO should invite Georgia to membership at its next summit, 12/02/2019, http://agenda.ge/en/news/2019/409. Accessed time: 30/03/2019;
Carpenter - U.S. has strong strategic interest in completing Anaklia port facilit, 2019-01-31, http://www.accentnews.ge/en/news/details/66464. Accessed time: 30/03/2019
Henrik Hololei - We are very keen to see Anaklia project take shape, 2019-01-29 Source: http://www.accentnews.ge/en/news/details/66309. Accessed Time: 30/03/2019
Published
2020-02-17
How to Cite
GORGILADZE, Irakli; BAZHUNAISHVIL, Lasha.
“Grey Zones” and Problem of New Common Identity in the Black Sea Region.
Eastern Europe Regional Studies, [S.l.], feb. 2020.
ISSN 2587-456X.
Available at: <https://test.psage.tsu.ge/index.php/Easternstudies/article/view/167>. Date accessed: 25 dec. 2024.
Issue
Section
Articles
Keywords
Black Sea, Geopolitics, New Identity, Gray Zone.
- Authors preserve copyright and give the journal right of first publication, that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors can enter into separate, additional arrangements for the distribution of the journal’s published version of the work, with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors can post their work online prior to and during the submission process, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
