Gender Politcs of the Early Soviet Union
Abstract
Over the centuries, many women have fought for women's emancipation and their social and political changes. Work for women's emancipation was initially an important part of Bolshevik ideology, so the Great Russian Revolution of 1917 brought new hopes and expectations for women. The Soviet Union was the first country wich successfully open the door to new economic and educational opportunities for long-marginalized women. The gender policy developed and implemented by Vladimir Lenin, which brought widespread rights to women, changed significantly after his death. It was during the rule of the new leader of the Soviet government that the model of "new type of woman" was created and formed.The purpose of this article is to research the role of women in the period of the early Bolshevik Soviet state and study the legal and political changes that took place. The paper will try to explain what was actually the main goal of Soviet gender policy, whether it changed the status of women, and what socialism ultimately brought to Soviet women.References
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2. Caimiao Liu,"Stalin’s “New Soviet Woman”" Sociology Mind, Vol.9 No.4, 2019
3. George St. George, Sovyetler Birliğinde Kadın [Our Soviet Sister], çev. S. Özbudun- O. Yener, İstanbul: El Yayınları, 1987
4. Goldman, W. (2002). Women at the Gates: Gender and Industry in Stalin’s Russia, Cambridge University Press
5. Harrison, M. (2008). Stalinism and the Economics of Wartime. Warwick: University of Warwick
6. Hutton, M. (2015). Resilient Russian Women in the 1920s & 1930s. Zea E-Books
7. Izvestiia (1936). Sistematicheskoe sobranie deistvuiushchikh zakonov Soiuza sovetskikh sotsialisticheskikh respublik. Protection of Motherhood on the Prohibition of Abortions. Moscow
8. Izvestia, (1965). November 20, 1918, reprinted in Lenin, Collected Works, Moscow, XXVIII, p. 180
9. Kolontai A. (1921). Komunistka, N 2, 1920, Communism and the familiy translated by Alix Holt. https://www.marxists.org/archive/kollonta/1920/communism-family.htm, Accessed 15 May. 2022
10. 1918 Constitution of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic, https://www.marxists.org/history/ussr/government/constitution/1918/article4.htm. Accessed 10 Feb. 2022
11. Lenin, V. I. (1977), On The Emancipation of Women Moscow: Progress Publishers
12. Martine Mespoulet. Women in Soviet society: Cahiers du CEFRES N° 30, Le communisme à partir des sociétés - Communism from the viewpoint of societies. Cahiers du CEFRES, Centre Français de Recherche en Sciences Sociales (CEFRES), 2006, Communism from the viewpoint of societies, pp.7. ffhalshs-01160379f
13. Norton T. Dodge. (1966). Women in the Soviet Economy: Their Role in Economic, Scientific, and Technical Development, Johns Hopkins Press
14. Original Family Law of the RSFSR, Seventeen Moments In Soviet History, An on-line archive of primary sources OCTOBER 17, 1918, https://soviethistory.msu.edu/1917-2/the-new-woman/the-new-woman-texts/code-of-laws-concerning-the-civil-registration-of-deaths-births-and-marriages/. Accessed 10 Sept. 2022
15. Pankratova, A. (1957), "Soviet Women Have Equal Political Rights with Men and Take an Active Part in Government," Equality of Women in the USSR, Moscow
16. Popova, N. (1957), "Equality of Soviet Women in the Economic Sphere," Equality of Women in the USSR, Moscow
17. Pravda (1929). On the Path to a Great Emancipation
18. Pravda, no. 51 (March 8, 1921, reprinted in V. I. Lenin, Collected Works, Moscow, 1965, XXXII, p. 161-162), http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2032.pdf. Accessed 05 Sept. 2021
19. Pravda no 213, V. I. Lenin, The Tasks Of The Working Women’s Movement In The Soviet Republic, Speech Delivered At The Fourth Moscow City Conference Of Non-Party Working Women, September 23, 1919, https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1919/sep/23a.htm. Accessed 21 Aug. 2021
20. Schuster, Alice. “Women's Role in the Soviet Union: Ideology and Reality.” The Russian Review 30 (1971): 260
21. Stalin J. V. International Women’s day, March 8, 1925, Foreign Languages Publishing House, Moscow, 1954Works, Vol. 7, 1925, https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1925/03/08.htm. Accessed 30 Sept. 2021
22. Stalin J.V. Constitution (of the Uniion of Soviet Socialist Republics), With Ammendments and Additions adopted by the First, Second, Third, Sixth, Seventh and Eighth Sessions of the Supreme Soviet of the U.S.S.R. Kremlin, Moscow, December 5, 1936. https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1936/12/05.htm, Accessed 05 Oct. 2022
23. Stites, R. (1976). Zhenotdel: Bolshevism and Russian Women, 1917-1930. Russian History, 3, 174-193.
24. The USSR Mother Heroine Medal, identifymedals.com. https://www.identifymedals.com/database/medals-by-country/russia-ussr-medals/the-ussr-mother-heroine/. Accessed 26 Sept. 2022
25. Racioppi, L., & O’Sullivan, K. (1995). Organizing Women before and after the Fall: Women’s Politics in the Soviet Union and Post-Soviet Russia. Signs, 20, 818-850
26. Usha, K. B (2005). Political Empowerment of Women in Soviet Union and Russia: Ideology and Implementation, Internation Studies
27. Women and Communism: Selections from the Writings of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin, London, 1950
Published
2022-12-02
How to Cite
DARBAIDZE, Eka; NIPARISHVILI, Tamila.
Gender Politcs of the Early Soviet Union.
Politics / პოლიტიკა, [S.l.], dec. 2022.
ISSN 2449-2833.
Available at: <https://test.psage.tsu.ge/index.php/Politics/article/view/293>. Date accessed: 21 sep. 2024.
Issue
Section
სტატიები
Keywords
Women in the Soviet Union, bolshevik Revolution, communism, gender politics.
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